Clear Raise Rates TransJakarta, Jokowi: Later The fact Disposable Car and Motorcycle

Jakarta - The provincial government (Government) DKI Jakarta TransJakarta off raising rates, after the increase in fuel price subsidies. What is the reason governor Joko Widodo (Jokowi)? 

"We do not want no displacement of people do not use TransJakarta, instead use private cars and motorbikes. We want to drive people to use TransJakarta let alone the end of the year added continuously," said Jokowi after a meeting at the office of the Vice President, Jakarta, Wednesday (26/6 / 2013). 

Meanwhile, on public transport fares than TransJakarta, Jakarta Government proposed rate increase. Massive increase in public transport fares are proposed: 


Small buses from Rp 2,500 to Rp 3,000 
Medium buses from Rp 2,000 to Rp 3,000 
Big Bus Regular / Patas from Rp 2,000 to Rp 3,000 

"The proposal has been entered into the council, will wait for the council (DPRD)," said Jokowi.

Source :
http://finance.detik.com/read/2013/06/26/121712/2284643/4/batal-naikkan-tarif-transjakarta-jokowi-nanti-orang-malah-pakai-mobil-dan-motor%3Ff9911023&usg=ALkJrhhWrYCEJFsAUEo6ualLO6mBlmCsHQ

The Noun Phrase

Nama    :           Akbar Nasution

NPM     :           14209644

Kelas    :           4 EA 15

MK       :           Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2#

The Noun Phrase

What is a noun phrase?

A noun phrase is a phrase which includes:

1. a noun (also called head)
2. and optionally modifiers.

Examples:

• Love is a beautiful feeling. (Love is a noun phrase without modifiers. However, a beautiful feeling is a noun phrase that includes a noun, feeling, and the determiner a and the adjective beautiful)
• My house is over there. (My house is a noun phrase which consists of the noun house and a modifier - the possessive adjectivemy)

Possible noun modifiers

A noun phrase may optionally contain noun modifiers. If these modifiers are placed before the noun they are called pre-modifiers. However, if they are placed after the noun, they are called post-modifiers. Possible noun modifiers include the following:

1. Determiners: 

• articles (the, a), 

The indefinite article a or an:

The article a / an is used when we don't specify the things or people we are talking about:

• I met a friend.
• I work in a factory in New York.
• I borrowed a pencil from a passenger sitting next to me.

The indefinite article a is used before a consonant sound:

• a dog.
• a pilot
• a teacher.
• a university

NOTE: 
Although 'university' starts with the vowel 'u', it is not pronounced as such. It is pronounced as a consonant sound /ju:.niv3:.si.ti/

The indefinite article an is used before a vowel sound:

• an engineer.
• an elephant.
• an athlete

The definite article the:

It's used when the speaker talks about a specific object that both the person speaking and the listener know.

• The car over there is fast.
• The president of the United States is giving a speech tonight.

When we speak of something or someone for the first time we use a or an, the next time we repeat that object we use the definite article the.

• I live in a house. The house is quite old and has four bedrooms.
• I ate in a Chinese restaurant. The restaurant was very good.

No article:

1. Do not use an article with countries, states, counties or provinces, lakes and mountains except when the country is a collection of states such as "The United States".

• He lives in Washington near Mount Rainier.
• They live in Northern British Columbia.
• They climbed Mount Everest.

2. we do not normally use an article with plurals and uncountable nouns to talk about things in general.:

• He writes books.
• She likes sweets.
• Do you like jazz music?
• She ate bread with butter in the morning.

Countable and uncountable nouns

Using English articles with countable and uncountable nouns may be confusing.

The can be used with uncountable nouns, or the article can be dropped entirely as mentioned above.

1. "The two countries reached the peace after a long disastrous war" (some specific peace treaty) or "The two countries reachedpeace after a long disastrous war" (any peace).
2. "He drank the water" (some specific water- for example, the water his wife brought him from the kitchen) or "He drank water." (any water)

It is unusual to use a/an for uncountable nouns. You can't say "I'd like a milk"

a/an can be used only with countable nouns.

1. I'd like a piece of cake.
2. I lent him a book.
3. I drank a cup of tea.

• demonstratives (this, that)
• numerals (two, five, etc.)
• possessives (my, their, etc.)
• quantifiers (some, many, etc.).

In English, determiners are usually placed before the noun;

2. adjectives (the delicious food)

3. complements, in the form of a prepositional phrase (such as: the student of physics), or a That-clause (the idea  that the world is a small village )

Functions of a noun phrase

Noun phrases can function as subjects, objects:

1. That sophisticated woman is beautiful. (That sophisticated woman is a noun phrase that functions as a subject.)
2. I like the book that you bought. (the book that you bought is a noun phrase that functions as an object.)

Source :

http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-noun-phrases.php

Passive Voice

Nama : Akbar Nasution
NPM : 14209644
Kelas : 4 EA 15
MK   : Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2#

ACTIVE / PASSIVE VOICE

Active voice
In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb.
    These examples show that the subject is  doing the verb's action.
            
Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the active voice.

Passive voice
One can change the normal word order of many active sentences (those with a direct object) so that the subject is no longer active, but is, instead, being acted upon by the verb - or passive.
    Note in these examples how the subject-verb relationship has changed.
            
Because the subject is being "acted upon" (or is passive), such sentences are said to be in the passive voice.
NOTE:   Colorful parrots live in the rainforests cannot be changed to passive voice because the sentence does not have a direct object.
To change a sentence from active to passive voice, do the following:
    1.  Move  the active sentence's direct object into the sentence's subject  slot
             
    2. Place the active sentence's subject into a  phrase beginning with the preposition by
              
    3.  Add a form of the auxiliary verb be to the main verb and change the  main verb's form
              
Because passive voice sentences necessarily add words and change the normal doer-action-receiver of action direction, they may make the reader work harder to understand the intended meaning.
As the examples below illustrate, a sentence in  active voice  flows more smoothly and is easier to understand than the same sentence in  passive voice.
             
            
It is generally preferable to use the ACTIVE voice.

To change a passive voice sentence into an active voice sentence, simply reverse the steps shown above.
    1.  Move  the passive sentence's subject into the active  sentence's  direct object slot
             
    2.  Remove  the auxiliary verb be from the main verb and change main verb's form if needed
            
    3. Place the passive sentence's object of the preposition by into the subject slot.
           
Because it is more direct, most writers prefer to use the active voice whenever possible.
The passive voice may be a better choice, however, when

• the doer of the action is unknown, unwanted, or unneeded in the sentence

             Examples
             

• the writer wishes to emphasize the action of the sentence rather than the doer of the action

            Examples
               

• the writer wishes to use passive voice for sentence variety.

Source : http://www.towson.edu/ows/activepass.htm

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 1, 2, AND 3

Nama : Akbar Nasution

NPM   : 14209644

Kelas : 4 EA 15

MK     : B. Inggris Bisnis 2#

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

If Conditional Sentence Understanding

If conditional sentence is a complex sentence (compound sentence) which consists of a statement unreal subordinate clause (without the possibility of true) or hypothetical (with the possibility materialized) and the main clause in the form of result (outcome) or consequence (consequences).

There are 4 types of conditional sentence if commonly used, namely: type 1, type 2, type 3 (unreal), and type 0 (scientific fact / scientific truth).

If Formula Conditional Sentence

General formula

In general, the formula modality sentence is as follows.

if + condition, result / consequence

formula without punctuation or commas:

result / consequnce + if + condition

Examples of conditional sentence:

Based on the formula above, some examples of conditional sentence is as follows.

If I meet him, I will introduce myself.

I will introduce myself if I meet him.

Negative if + condition

Formula: if ... not be replaced with unless.

Examples of conditional sentence: if ... not and unless:

By using this formula if negative, example of conditional sentence as below.

If the students do not understand, they will raise their hand to ask.

Unless the students understand, they will raise their hand to ask.

Understanding Conditional Type 1

Conditional sentence type 1 is a modality that is used when the result / consequence (result) of the condition (condition) are likely to be realized because its realistic condition to be met in the future.

Conditional Formula Type 1

Formula sentence modality can be seen in the following table below.

if + condition, result / consequence

if + present simple, will + bare infinitive

or formula without using commas:

result / consequence + if + condition

will + bare infinitive + if + simple present

Negative if + condition

Formula: if ... not be replaced with unless.

Examples of Conditional Type 1

Some examples of conditional type 1 can be seen in below.

 (+) If I have free time, I will go swimming.

If the bell rings, I'll go home.

(-) If you do not finish your homework, your teacher will be angry.

If he does not come, I will not be angry.

Unless he comes, I will not be angry.

If he comes, I will not be angry.

(?) If they invite you, will you come?

Understanding Conditional Type 2

Conditional sentences type 2 is a modality that is used when the result / consequence (result) of the condition (condition) have no or only little chance to materialize because of her condition not be fulfilled in the present (present unreal situation) or its condition is difficult to fulfill in future (unlikely to happen).

Conditional Formula Type 2

Formula sentence modality can be seen in the below.

if + condition, result / consequence

if + past simple, would / could / might + bare infinitive

or formula without using commas:

result / consequence + if + condition

would / could / might + bare infinitive + if + simple past

Negative if + condition

Formula: if ... not be replaced with unless.

Was Were Replaced

In the conditional type 2, were used in place even though the subject was used a pronoun: she, he, it, and singular noun. This is to show that the assumption is really just a mirage because of his condition not be met (present unreal situation).

if + condition, result / consequence

if + S + were, would (could / might) + bare infinitive

Examples of Conditional Type 2

Some conditional type 2 can be seen in the following below.

 (+) If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.

 (But I do not have a reasonable belief that it will rain tomorrow)

If Nisa studied hard, she would pass.

 (But Nisa did not study hard.)

If I had much money, I would buy a sports car.

 (But I do not have much money)

If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money to charity.

 (But I am not a millionaire)

(-) If Nisa did not study hard, she would not be passed.

 (But Nisa study hard)

If Nisa studied hard, she would not fail.

If Nisa did not study hard, she would fail.

Unless Nisa studied hard, she would fail.

If I were a millionaire, I would not donate my money to charity.

 (?) If Nisa did not study hard, she would fail?

If I had much money, I would buy a sports car?

If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money to charity

Understanding Conditional Type 3

Conditional sentences type 3 is a modality that is used when the result / consequence (result) of the condition (condition) there is no possibility to materialize because his condition had been met in the past.

Formula Conditional Type 3

Sentence modality formula is as follows.

if + condition, result / consequence

if + past perfect, would / should / could / might + bare infinitive

or formula without using commas punctuation:

result / consequence + if + condition

would / should / could / might + bare infinitive + if + past perfect

Examples of Conditional Type 3

Some examples of conditional type 3 can be seen in the following table below.

 (+) If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.

(-) If the waitress had been careful, she would not have broke many plates.

(?) If he had asked for Forgiveness, forgived would you have him?

Source:

http://www.wordsmile.com/if-conditional-sentence-introduction

http://www.wordsmile.com/if-conditional-type-1

http://www.wordsmile.com/if-conditional-type-2

http://www.wordsmile.com/if-conditional-type-3